Weaponized Faith: A Theoretical and Strategic Analysis of Religious Extremism in Pakistan

Abstract

Religion in Pakistan, previously a cohesive element of identity and spiritual direction, has become more often exploited to legitimize political motives and militant aggression. This study analyzes the militarization of religion in Pakistan using a theoretical and strategic perspective. Utilizing Constructivism, Framing Theory, Political Islam, and Social Identity Theory, the study analyzes how extremist factions, supported by both state and societal complicity, have harnessed faith to promote exclusionary, violent ideologies. The research examines the historical path of religious extremism, assesses the impact of digital media on radicalization, and emphasizes the intricate relationship between religious identity and national security. This paper examines the Lal Masjid siege case study to explore how religious extremism erodes state legitimacy and community unity. Ultimately, it presents extensive policy suggestions and proactive strategies to address the ideological, institutional, and social foundations of extremism. The study highlights the critical necessity for a nationwide realignment of the religion-state connection - one based on pluralism, justice, and inclusive governance.