Freedom of Expression and the Law in Pakistan

Abstract

Freedom of expression is a cornerstone of democratic governance and an essential component of human dignity. In Pakistan, this right is constitutionally guaranteed under Article 19 of the Constitution but is subject to multiple legal, political, and social restrictions. This study examines the scope of freedom of expression within Pakistan’s legal framework by analyzing constitutional provisions, statutory laws, and judicial interpretations. Using doctrinal legal analysis, the research evaluates how domestic laws regulate speech and whether these regulations align with international human rights standards. The findings reveal that while Pakistan formally recognizes freedom of expression, vague statutory language, broad discretionary powers, and inconsistent judicial application significantly constrain its practical enjoyment. The study concludes that clearer legal standards and proportional judicial scrutiny are necessary to ensure meaningful protection of expressive freedoms.