Negotiating for Peace in the South China Sea: Strategy and Challenges

Abstract

The South China Sea is a crucial maritime region that supports global trade, fisheries operations, and harbors significant untapped natural resources. However, it remains a source of international conflict due to ongoing territorial disputes, challenges related to freedom of navigation, piracy, illegal fishing activities, and environmental concerns. The rising tension among China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Japan and the United States makes competition in the area more intense. The study investigates the obstacles involved in peace negotiations over the South China Sea, with attention to the reasons diplomacy and strategies prevent a resolution. The paper reviews two types of mechanisms: first those from the ASEAN framework and second those from the UNCLOS and CoC for handling conflicts in the South China Sea. The study emphasizes confidence-building measures (CBMs), as well as multilateral negotiations and Track II dialogues, which serve as effective methods for reducing conflicts. Surveillance units equipped with artificial intelligence play a vital role in enhancing Maritime Domain Awareness, thereby improving regional security outcomes. According to the study's findings, national interests, sustainable management strategies, and cooperative security arrangements will determine the long-term stability and peace of the South China Sea.